Kitchen reference
Baking conversions
A cup of flour and a cup of water do not weigh the same: 120 g against 237 g. Pick the ingredient, and this converts between cups, spoons, grams, and ounces using the same figures as every recipe on Ricotta Bear.
Convert anything
All-purpose flour: 1 cup = 120 g (King Arthur Baking)
Cups to grams, by ingredient
Spooned into the cup and levelled, the way the figures were weighed. US cups (236.6 ml).
| Ingredient | 1 cup | ½ cup | ⅓ cup | ¼ cup | 1 tbsp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-purpose flour plain flour | 120 g | 60 g | 40 g | 30 g | 7.5 g |
| Bread flour strong white bread flour, strong flour | 120 g | 60 g | 40 g | 30 g | 7.5 g |
| Cake flour | 120 g | 60 g | 40 g | 30 g | 7.5 g |
| Self-rising flour self-raising flour | 113 g | 57 g | 38 g | 28 g | 7.1 g |
| Whole wheat flour wholemeal flour | 113 g | 57 g | 38 g | 28 g | 7.1 g |
| Pastry flour | 106 g | 53 g | 35 g | 27 g | 6.6 g |
| '00' pizza flour tipo 00, 00 flour | 116 g | 58 g | 39 g | 29 g | 7.3 g |
| Rye flour (medium) | 106 g | 53 g | 35 g | 27 g | 6.6 g |
| Spelt flour | 99 g | 50 g | 33 g | 25 g | 6.2 g |
| Semolina | 163 g | 82 g | 54 g | 41 g | 10 g |
| Almond flour ground almonds | 96 g | 48 g | 32 g | 24 g | 6 g |
| Cornstarch cornflour | 112 g | 56 g | 37 g | 28 g | 7 g |
| Cornmeal polenta (fine) | 138 g | 69 g | 46 g | 35 g | 8.6 g |
| Rolled oats porridge oats, old-fashioned oats | 89 g | 45 g | 30 g | 22 g | 5.6 g |
| Cocoa powder (unsweetened) cocoa | 84 g | 42 g | 28 g | 21 g | 5.3 g |
| Ingredient | 1 cup | ½ cup | ⅓ cup | ¼ cup | 1 tbsp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Granulated sugar white sugar, sugar | 198 g | 99 g | 66 g | 50 g | 12 g |
| Caster sugar superfine sugar, castor sugar | 190 g | 95 g | 63 g | 48 g | 12 g |
| Brown sugar (packed) light brown sugar, dark brown sugar | 213 g | 107 g | 71 g | 53 g | 13 g |
| Powdered sugar icing sugar, confectioners' sugar | 113 g | 57 g | 38 g | 28 g | 7.1 g |
| Demerara sugar | 220 g | 110 g | 73 g | 55 g | 14 g |
| Turbinado sugar raw sugar | 180 g | 90 g | 60 g | 45 g | 11 g |
| Honey | 336 g | 168 g | 112 g | 84 g | 21 g |
| Maple syrup | 312 g | 156 g | 104 g | 78 g | 20 g |
| Corn syrup golden syrup (close substitute) | 312 g | 156 g | 104 g | 78 g | 20 g |
| Molasses black treacle | 340 g | 170 g | 113 g | 85 g | 21 g |
| Sweetened condensed milk | 312 g | 156 g | 104 g | 78 g | 20 g |
| Ingredient | 1 cup | ½ cup | ⅓ cup | ¼ cup | 1 tbsp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Butter unsalted butter, salted butter | 226 g | 113 g | 75 g | 57 g | 14 g |
| Cream cheese | 227 g | 114 g | 76 g | 57 g | 14 g |
| Mascarpone | 227 g | 114 g | 76 g | 57 g | 14 g |
| Ricotta | 227 g | 114 g | 76 g | 57 g | 14 g |
| Sour cream | 227 g | 114 g | 76 g | 57 g | 14 g |
| Yogurt | 227 g | 114 g | 76 g | 57 g | 14 g |
| Crème fraîche | 226 g | 113 g | 75 g | 57 g | 14 g |
| Cheddar (grated) | 113 g | 57 g | 38 g | 28 g | 7.1 g |
| Parmesan (grated) | 100 g | 50 g | 33 g | 25 g | 6.3 g |
| Ingredient | 1 cup | ½ cup | ⅓ cup | ¼ cup | 1 tbsp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | 237 g | 119 g | 79 g | 59 g | 15 g |
| Milk (whole) whole milk | 244 g | 122 g | 81 g | 61 g | 15 g |
| Heavy cream double cream, whipping cream | 238 g | 119 g | 79 g | 60 g | 15 g |
| Buttermilk | 245 g | 123 g | 82 g | 61 g | 15 g |
| Vegetable oil sunflower oil, canola oil | 218 g | 109 g | 73 g | 55 g | 14 g |
| Olive oil | 200 g | 100 g | 67 g | 50 g | 13 g |
| Lemon juice | 224 g | 112 g | 75 g | 56 g | 14 g |
| Vanilla extract | 224 g | 112 g | 75 g | 56 g | 14 g |
| Ingredient | 1 cup | ½ cup | ⅓ cup | ¼ cup | 1 tbsp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chocolate chips | 170 g | 85 g | 57 g | 43 g | 11 g |
| Chocolate (chopped) | 170 g | 85 g | 57 g | 43 g | 11 g |
| Coconut (sweetened, shredded) desiccated coconut | 85 g | 43 g | 28 g | 21 g | 5.3 g |
| Walnuts (chopped) | 113 g | 57 g | 38 g | 28 g | 7.1 g |
| Pecans (whole) | 105 g | 53 g | 35 g | 26 g | 6.6 g |
| Almonds (sliced) flaked almonds | 86 g | 43 g | 29 g | 22 g | 5.4 g |
| Raisins sultanas | 149 g | 75 g | 50 g | 37 g | 9.3 g |
| Peanut butter | 270 g | 135 g | 90 g | 68 g | 17 g |
| Raspberries (fresh) raspberries | 120 g | 60 g | 40 g | 30 g | 7.5 g |
| Jam or preserves | 340 g | 170 g | 113 g | 85 g | 21 g |
| Banana (mashed) | 227 g | 114 g | 76 g | 57 g | 14 g |
| Pumpkin purée | 227 g | 114 g | 76 g | 57 g | 14 g |
| Ingredient | 1 tbsp | 1 tsp |
|---|---|---|
| Baking powder | 12 g | 4 g |
| Baking soda bicarbonate of soda, bicarb | 18 g | 6 g |
| Instant yeast fast-action yeast, easy-blend yeast | 9 g | 3 g |
| Table salt fine salt | 18 g | 6 g |
| Kosher salt (Diamond Crystal) | 8 g | 2.7 g |
| Kosher salt (Morton) | 16 g | 5.3 g |
| Espresso powder | 7 g | 2.3 g |
Sources: King Arthur Baking's ingredient weight chart; USDA FoodData Central for water, milk, cream, buttermilk and oil, because King Arthur rounds every liquid to 227 g a cup.
Spoons, cups and millilitres
| US measure | Same as | Millilitres |
|---|---|---|
| 1 tsp | ⅓ tbsp | 4.9 ml |
| 1 tbsp | 3 tsp | 15 ml |
| ⅛ cup | 2 tbsp · 1 fl oz | 30 ml |
| ¼ cup | 4 tbsp | 59 ml |
| ⅓ cup | 5 tbsp + 1 tsp | 79 ml |
| ½ cup | 8 tbsp | 118 ml |
| ⅔ cup | 10 tbsp + 2 tsp | 158 ml |
| ¾ cup | 12 tbsp | 177 ml |
| 1 cup | 16 tbsp · 8 fl oz | 237 ml |
| 2 cups | 1 pint | 473 ml |
| 4 cups | 1 quart | 946 ml |
Ounces and grams
| Ounces | Grams |
|---|---|
| 1 oz | 28 g |
| 2 oz | 57 g |
| 3 oz | 85 g |
| 4 oz | 113 g |
| 6 oz | 170 g |
| 8 oz | 227 g |
| 12 oz | 340 g |
| 16 oz (1 lb) | 454 g |
| 32 oz (2 lb) | 907 g |
Oven temperatures
British recipes give a gas mark and a fan setting. Fan (convection) ovens run about 20°C hotter, so set them 20°C lower.
| Gas mark | °C | °C fan | °F |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 140°C | 120°C | 285°F |
| 2 | 150°C | 130°C | 300°F |
| 3 | 160°C | 140°C | 325°F |
| 4 | 180°C | 160°C | 350°F |
| 5 | 190°C | 170°C | 375°F |
| 6 | 200°C | 180°C | 400°F |
| 7 | 220°C | 200°C | 425°F |
| 8 | 230°C | 210°C | 450°F |
| 9 | 240°C | 220°C | 465°F |
British and American names
Bake Off speaks British. Here is the translation.
| In the UK | In the US |
|---|---|
| Plain flour | All-purpose flour |
| Self-raising flour | Self-rising flour |
| Strong white flour | Bread flour |
| Caster sugar | Superfine sugar |
| Icing sugar | Powdered (confectioners') sugar |
| Double cream | Heavy cream |
| Single cream | Light cream |
| Bicarbonate of soda | Baking soda |
| Cornflour | Cornstarch |
| Golden syrup | No true match; corn syrup is closest |
| Black treacle | Molasses |
| Sultanas | Golden raisins |
| Mixed spice | Close to pumpkin pie spice |
| Baking tin / tray | Baking pan / sheet |
Conversion questions
How many grams are in a cup of flour?
A cup of all-purpose flour weighs 120 g, spooned into the cup and levelled. Scooping straight from the bag packs it down and can add 20 to 30 g, which is why bakers weigh flour.
How many grams are in a cup of water?
237 g. Water weighs 1 g per millilitre and a US cup is 236.6 ml. Milk is a touch heavier at about 244 g a cup.
Why does a cup of flour weigh less than a cup of water?
A cup measures space, not weight. Flour is full of air between the grains, so a cup holds about 120 g of it against 237 g of water, 198 g of sugar, or 336 g of honey. That is why there is no single cups-to-grams number: it depends on the ingredient.
How many grams are in a cup of sugar?
Granulated sugar is 198 g a cup, caster (superfine) sugar 190 g, packed brown sugar g, and powdered (icing) sugar 113 g.
How much is a stick of butter in grams?
One US stick is ½ cup, 8 tablespoons, or 113 g. A full cup of butter is two sticks, 226 g.
Is a UK cup the same as a US cup?
Not quite. A US cup is 236.6 ml; a metric cup (Australia, sometimes the UK) is 250 ml. British recipes, including Bake Off's, are almost always written in grams anyway, which is the most accurate way to bake.